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Brinjal


Botanical Name     : Solanum melongena
Family                    : Solanaceous

Introduction

Brinjal is a widely grown vegetable group in Asian country. Brinjal is a hard plant of its hardiness, it can be successfully grown in very dry areas under rain fed conditions or with with minimum irrigation facilities.

Climate

Brinjal can be successfully grown at elevations of up to 1300m. Brinjal is a warm weather crop and can tolerate drought to a relatively high extent.It requires a long growing season with high average day and night temperature. In low country wet zone, intermediate up country intermediate and dry zone this crop can be successfully grown.

Soil

Well drain light soils with a PH of 5.5-5.8 are suitable for the cultivation of the brinjal.

Varieties

·        Black beanty
·        Lena irri
·        Thinnevely purple
·        SM-164
·        Padagogda
·        Anjak
Spacing

Between rows 90cm
Between plants 60cm

Land preparation

Soil should be ploughed at least to a depth of 30cm flat and raised bed was prepared.

Seed rate

360-375g per hectare

Planting

Seedlings are transplanted at the age of 3-4 weeks and only pests and diseases free seedling are transplanted.
30×30×30cm holes should be prepared and add organic fertilizers.
They are about 4 weeks old. The seedlings are transplanted at rate of 2 seedlings per hill.

Preparation and maintenance of the nursery

Land selection

·        The side should have well drained soils within a good soil.
·        Preparation of beds

The raised bed system is suitable and the height of the bed should be about 12-15cm.The bed width should not exceed 1 metre. Spread a layer of a 50:50 sub soil and compost mixture up to 2.5cm deep in the top of the nursery bed.
Soil sterilization

Burning rice straw and paddy husk on the surface of nursery bed or the application of agro chemicals are effective methods.

Seed treatment

Before sowing seeds should be treated with fungicides such as Captan or Thiram to protect them from diseases.
Spacing

Seeds should be planted 10-12cm apart in rows 0.5-1cm deep.

Mulching

Spread a layer of mulch as straw and water daily. The mulch shoul be removed after about 6-7 days when germination is complete.

Shading

Avoid seedling being exposed to heavy rains or prolonged bright sun shine and harden seedlings before transplanting.
Seedlings with four fully expanded leaves are suitable for transplanting.

Spacing

Between rows 60cm
Between plants 60cm

Fertilizer application
Urea kg/ha
Triple super phosphate kg/ha
Muriate of potash kg/ha
Basal application
100
100
50
Top dressing (2& 4 weeks after planting)
65


3 weeks after planting
65

50
12 weeks after planting
65



Irrigation

Water supplied daily during the first week. There after irrigation is done 4-5 days in intervas during first 2 months.

Weeding

Weeding is done manually at 2, 4, 7, 10 weeks after planting.

Pests

Brinjal shoot and pod borer
Brinjal leaf webber
Scale and mealy bugs
Mites

Diseases

Anthracnose
Phomopsis blight
Collar rot
Bacterial wilt
Little leaf disease

Harvesting

Harvesting can be done at about 75 days after transplanting. The yield is about 20-25 tonnes per hectare.

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