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Chilli


Botanical Name     - Capsicum annum
Family                    - Solaneceous
Origin                     - Tropical America

Introduction

Chilli is valued for its diverse commercial users. The small sized and more pungent chilli is mainly used as a spice and as additive in other food preparations.

Climate

Chilli prefers a warm humid climate during early stages and a dry weather towards the maturity of pods. It is grown in both tropical and sub tropical areas up to 1500m above mean sea level.

Soil

Light texture well drained soils with a PH range of 5.5-6.8 are preferred.


Varieties

MI-1
MI-2
MI-HOT
Arunalu BL-39
KA-2

MI-1
Pod occurs singly in the arils of leaves or branches. They are pendulant with a cup shaped calys 9-19cm long 1-12cm thick tapering to a pointed tip purple streks may be seem in the exils of branches and leaves. A mature plant attains a height of 75-100cm depending on soil type and fertilizer use.

MI-2
Pods are pendulant 5-9cm long, 1-15cm thick. Glabrons and tapering towards the tip. Plants are highly branched with a canopy diameter of 45-60cm forming a more or less flat top.

Arunalu BL-39
This variety is similar to MI-2pods are up word 9cm long gladrous and tapering toward the tip. Ripped fruits are dark red in colour. The height of the plant is about 50-60cm.

Seed Rate

1kg per hectare

Land preparation

A fine tilling is very important for chilli cultivation. The soil is filled at least to a depth of 10-15cm.Field planting on raised beds is the common practice. The width of the bed should be not exeed one metre.

Planting

Chilli seeds are sown in nursery beds and the seedlings are later transplanted to the field when 3.2.8 fertilizer Application.
Urea kg/ha
Triple super phosphate kg/ha
Muriate of potash kg/ha
Basal Application
Top dressing At
220
45
380
-
125
25


Irrigation

Crop should be irrigated daily during the first week after planting. There after the irrigation should be done once in4-6 days.

Weeding

Weeding is done manually at 3, 6,9,12 weeks after planting.

Pests

Aphids
Mites
White fly
Pod borer caterpillar

Diseases

Damping off
Anthracnose
Leaf spot
Collar rot
Bacterial wilt

Harvesting

Harvesting can be started 75-80 days after field planting and can continue for 2-3 months if the crop is managed properly. The yield is about 2000-3500kg/ha.

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