Mango

Botanical Name   : Mangferae indik

Origin                            : Northeastern India and Burma

Family                           : Anacardiaceae

Marphology

Mango tres are deep-rooted. Symmetrical densely foliaged evergreens that attain heights of 90 feet and width of 80 feet. Mango trees have simple alternate lanceolate leaves that are 6 to 16 inches in length light to yellow-green, purple or copper in color when ………… Mature leaves are leathery, glossy and deep green color.

climate

Mango can be cultivated up to 1300m above mean sea level. Optimum temperature for mango cultivation is 27-30C⁰ and annual rain fall range from 500-2500mm is preferred.

Soil

Mango will grow in almost any well-drained soil whether sandy, loam or clay. But heavy wet soil should be avoided. A PH between 5.5-7.5 is preferred. They somewhat tolerant of alkalinity. For good growth mango needs a deep soil to accommodate their extensive root systems.

Varieties

Recommended cultivars for major agroechological zones.

Dry zone	Intermediate zone	Wet zone
Karuthakolomban Willard Velicollomban Ambalavi Chembatan Malwana	Karuthakolomban Velicollomban Willard Bettiamba Malwana	Velicollomban Giraamba Peterprasand Dampara

Planting Meterials

Seedling, budded plants

Spacing

Spacing                          With row                       Between row

For Willard                    7cm                                10m

For other cultivars         10m                               10m

Fertilizer Application

Rates of fertilizer application-annual dose per plant. (g)

 For bearing mango trees in wet zone.

                                      Urea                     Rock phosphate   Muriate of potash

At fruiting                      215                       325                       380   

For dry zone and intermediate zone

                                      Urea                     Rock phosphate   Muriate of potash

At fruiting                      235                       160                       515

For non bearing trees

Rates of fertilizer application- annual dose per plant (g) for young un-bearing trees in wet zone.

                                      Urea                     Rock phosphate   Muriate of potash

At planting                    115                       230                       105

One year later                115                       230                       105

For dry and intermediate zone

                                      Urea                     Rock phosphate   Muriate of potash

At fruiting                      160                       195                       90

One year later                160                       195                       90

Pruning

Plant should be pruned early to allow development of a strong open frame. Remove top to force 3-4 side branches about 60-90cm above the ground. Thereafter when the side branches are ready to prune, remove top of those branches to force further multiple shoots to get a spreading growth habit. To train branches as spreading limbs, staking may also be useful. By pruning this way plants must be a continuous activity.

Trees must be pruned after harvesting. The objectives in pruning are to remove dead or disease wood, to remove additional growth flushes to allow more light penetration in to the leaf canopy and also to control tree height to facilitate cultural management practices.

Irrigation

Young trees must be frequency irrigated until the plants are well established in the field.

Diseases and control

Anthracnose - Use fungiside Benlate, Deconil, Maneb

Stem end Ro t – use hot Benlate dips.

Insect pest control

Fruit Fly – use methyl Engenol traps to trap and destroy fruit flies.

Mango leaf hopper – use Dimethoaee or Imidacloprid.

Mango seed weevil – Spray Dimethoate at flowering satage.

Leaf cutting weevil – Remove and destroy all fallen pieces of leaves and spray Dimothoate.

Harvesting

Fruit need to be harvested only after it mature sufficiently but before ripening. In most cultivars

When fruit is mature enough the colour of peel change from dark green to light greenish yellow in colour.

Storage

An ambient air temperature mangoes harvested at correct stage of maturity can be stored for about 8-12 days. Under cold conditions at 12C^o storage life can be further extended up to 25 days without losing fruit quality.

Nutritional Value

Nutritional Value for 100g

Material	Quantity
Water	81.0 (g)
Energy	74 (Kc1)
Protein	0.6 (g)
Fat	0.4 (g)
Starch	16.9 (g)
Calcium	14 (mg)
Phosphorus	16 (mg)
Ferrus	1.3 (Mg)
Carrotin	2743 (mg)
Thayamine	80 (mg)
Riboflavine	90 (mg)
Neyacine	0.9 (mg)
Vitamin C	16 (mg)